New findings.
Adding the following line to src/extensions/users-permissions/strapi-server.js changed the error
“Unknown provider.” → “404 Not Found”
"use strict";
module.exports = (plugin) => {
console.log("strapi-server.js", plugin.services);
plugin.bootstrap = require("./server/bootstrap");
plugin.services["providers"] = require("./server/services/providers");
plugin.services["providers-registry"] = require("./server/services/providers-registry"); // new
return plugin;
};