@AlexNguyen I might be wrong over here or I have missed some steps:
It did not work following your steps. I was getting the same error. Also tried with strapi version “4.15.0” in a new project but no luck.
What Worked:
I missed .dockerignore file in the project so I added one:
.tmp/
.cache/
.git/
build/
node_modules/
data/
Then it was working fine. Maybe node_modules were copied too. I dont know. Very new to docker and strapi.