Can I create a role that only shows records created by this author?

Hi @codycustard,
This is not something you can achieve with Strapi Out of the box, but will require some custom development.

You can try implementing an is owner policy as described in the docs:
Is owner policy docs

It adds a relation from content to user to know who the author of the content is.
When this relation is established in the database you can refuse anybody from editing the content if they are not the author.