Unfortunately, no. 
We will most likely be submitting a new feature request with the Strapi team to see if they would implement something like this. Both AWS and Azure support read-replicas for DB failover and regional performance, so I would assume this would be a good feature to add.
Ideally, if they could add a property to the connection object in the config/database.js that indicates the DB connection was read only, implement the necessary logic to check for this property, the “npm run start” command could then execute successfully.