Strapi v4 broken image, even when the image's link works (Cloudinary)

Solution was found here: [v4]Content Security Policy issue of plugin-upload in strapi-4.0.0-beta.13 · Issue #11637 · strapi/strapi · GitHub

I wanted to write a more descriptive answer, but the anti-spam forum software won’t let me post due to “More than 1 link”. If you want to learn more about the issue, visit Mozilla MDN page on CSP: img-src. You simple have to change the security configuration for strapi in a middleware as seen in the link above.